A sun rash is a red, itchy rash that occurs after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Causes include:
- Polymorphous light eruption. Polymorphous light eruption, the most common cause of sun rash, occurs in people who are sensitive to sunlight (photosensitive). The rash occurs after an episode of intense sun exposure, most often within several minutes to hours after the exposure, and is usually seen more often in the spring or early summer with the first few exposures to sunlight. It may improve over the summer months.
- Medications (drug-induced photosensitivity). Certain medications can cause sun rash, including drugs to treat high blood pressure, such as thiazides; antibiotics, such as tetracyclines; and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen.
- Exposure to certain chemicals or plants. Some chemicals, such as those found in perfume, soap or sunscreen, can make the skin sensitive to the sun. Also, contact with the leaves, stems, berries, or seeds of certain plants, such as celery, wild parsnip, lemons, limes or burning bush — along with exposure to sunlight — can cause a sun rash.
- Solar hives (urticaria). An allergic reaction to sunlight can cause solar hives — raised, red, itchy welts that seem to appear and disappear on your skin. The rash usually appears five to 10 minutes after sun exposure. Solar hives are uncommon.
In most cases, you can avoid sun rash with the following prevention tips:
- Avoid substances that cause sun rash. Try to identify and avoid coming in contact with substances that lead to sun rash, including perfumes or plants. If a sun rash occurs after taking a medication, talk to your doctor about switching medications.
- Limit time in the sun, especially when the sun's rays are most intense — between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
- Use sunscreen. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen — meaning it blocks UVA and UVB rays — with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Sunscreens don't block out UV rays completely, however, so you may still experience a skin reaction. If a sunscreen causes a sun rash, switch to a sunscreen with a different active ingredient or try a product designed for sensitive skin.
- Cover up. Wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs and a broad-brimmed hat.